Influential Mathematicians of Islamic Golden Age

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 Mathematics

During the islamic golden age, 9th and 10th centuries mathematics mostly done in Arabics had influenced many mathematicians of Europe in the later centuries. Studies of algebra, geometry and trigonometry had seen some major developments. Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi was the founder of Algebra. In the book "The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing" Al-Khwarizmi explains how to solve the positive roots of linear and quadratic polynomial equations. Al-Khwarizmi's algebra was rhetorical which were helpful for others scholars as well.
Interesting fact: Al-Khwarizmi was appointed as the head of House of Wisdom. MacTutor History of Mathematics archive says "Perhaps one of the most significant advances made by Arabic mathematics began at this time with the work of al-Khwarizmi, namely the beginnings of algebra"
Al-Khwārizmī's Zīj al-Sindhind also contained tables for the trigonometric functions of sines and cosine. A related treatise on spherical trigonometry is also attributed to him. Al-Khwārizmī produced accurate sine and cosine tables, and the first table of tangents. Many other Muslims scholars had contributed to solve or treatise more mathematical terms/formulas such as Cubic equations, Induction, Irrational numbers, Spherical trigonometry, Negative numbers, Double false position etc.
Sally P. Ragep, a historian of science in Islam, estimated in 2019 that "tens of thousands" of Arabic manuscripts in mathematical sciences and philosophy remain unread, which give studies which "reflect individual biases and a limited focus on a relatively few texts and scholars".
Honarable Mentions of Muslim scholars
  • Abd al-Hamīd ibn Turk (fl. 830) (quadratics)
  • Thabit ibn Qurra (826–901)
  • Sind ibn Ali (d. after 864)
  • Ismail al-Jazari (1136–1206)
  • Abū Sahl al-Qūhī (c. 940–1000) (centers of gravity)
  • Abu'l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi (952–953) (arithmetic)
  • 'Abd al-'Aziz al-Qabisi (d. 967)
  • Ibn al-Haytham (c. 965–1040)
  • Abū al-Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī (973–1048) (trigonometry)
  • Ibn Maḍāʾ (c. 1116–1196)
  • Jamshīd al-Kāshī (c. 1380–1429) (decimals and estimation of the circle constant)
Most datas are collected from web

A page from The Algebra of Al-Khwarizmi by Fredrick Rosen, in English


Engraving of Abū Sahl al-Qūhī's perfect compass to draw conic sections

The original Arabic print manuscript of the Book of Algebra by Al-Khwārizmī.

Page from Corpus Christi College MS 283. A Latin translation of al-Khwārizmī's Zīj.

A page from The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing by Al-Khwarizmi



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