The Banu Musa - genius brothers

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Introducing the Banu Musa brothers, Muhammad, Ahmad, and al-Hasan, three Persian geniuses who received education under al-Ma'mun’s direction, and were enrolled at the House of Wisdom in Baghdad. 

The three brothers were commissioned by al-Maʾmūn to measure the length of a degree of latitude and therefrom the circumference of the earth; they carried this task out successfully in the desert plain near Senjār in northern Mesopotamia (Nallino, pp. 420-35). They also made astronomical observations together at Baghdad.

They worked together as well as separately: Jafar Muhammad was an expert on mathematics and astronomy, Ahmad excelled in technology, and al-Hasan on mathematics. Muhammed knew the works of both Euclid and Ptolemy, and was considered by contemporaries to be an expert mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher. All but three of the books attributed by scholars to the Banu Musa are now lost. The oldest brother, Moḥammad, was also the most productive, though only one of his many works is still extant. This is Book of the first motion of the celestial sphere, which is a lengthy treatise on Ptolemaic astronomy.


Their legacy is a testament to the power of unity and collaboration in Islamic world. Their notable achievements include authoring books such as "The Book of Ingenious Devices," which contained designs for various mechanical devices, and "The Book on the Measurement of Plane and Spherical Figures," which presented solutions to problems in geometry and trigonometry. They also wrote about astronomy, magic, and geography.

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